Darwin was the father of evolutionary psychology. William James (1842-1910) (1872-1907) at Harvard Estabished Harvard's Psychology Department William James, philosopher and psychologist, was instrumental in establishing Harvard's psychology department, which at its inception was tied to the department of philosophy. Also considered are physical factors that directly affect the nervous system, including heredity, metabolism, hormones, disease, drug ingestion, and diet. As an evidence-based therapy, DBT is considered by many experts to be the most effective treatment available for BPD and allied illnesses. New York: Appleton Century Crofts. Rosch was born in New York City in 1938. L. "Review of Evans Evolution, ethics and animal psychology. 1. Anderson is a pioneer in the use of computers to model the architecture of the human mind, an approach known as rational analysis. Famous Psychologists - List, Biographies and Theories Handelmann, "Hippocampus, space, and memory,", https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Biological_psychology&oldid=1064277, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Davidson is famous for espousing Buddhist traditions of mindfulness and meditation as important empirical phenomena worthy of scientific investigation, as well as important techniques for achieving inner peace and spiritual growth. More specifically, Sternberg has postulated that broad-spectrum human intelligence consists of three main components or modules: Sternberg later developed the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test to measure this broader range of intelligence. Nadels work on the neurological bases of Down Syndrome has led to novel therapeutic interventions that have enhanced the quality of life of Down patients, and for which he has received recognition in the form of the National Down Syndrome Societys Award for Research and the Sisley-Lejeune International Prize for Research on Intellectual Disability. In a nutshell, he believes that while traditional IQ tests are a good measure of book smarts-and thus are a fairly reliable predictor of success in an academic environmentoverall human intelligence is far broader than what IQ test measure. Today, he is Professor of Education in Stanford Universitys Graduate School of Education, as well as Director of the Stanford Center on Adolescence and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. For example, Pargament developed the RCOPE Questionnaire designed to measure religious coping strategies, which he believes may be usefully grouped into three broad categories. Linehan was initially drawn to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), with its emphasis on helping patients to re-frame their conflicts in a more realistic way to enable them to gain sufficient detachment to bring their emotions under better voluntary control (on CBT, see the entry for Aaron T. Beck, above). Although animal models for all mental illnesses do not exist, the field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including: In the past, physiological psychologists received much of their their training in psychology departments in major universities. This theory was inspired by moving statues in a garden in Paris.[7]. Barrett (ne Feldman) was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1963. Electroencephalography (or EEG) (including the derivative technique of event-related potentials) is the method in which scalp electrodes monitor the average activity of neurons in the cortex (again, used most frequently with human subjects). Tavris is the author, co-author, or editor of some 10 books, as well as the author or co-author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, books reviews, op-ed pieces, essays, and other popular writings. In later work, Kahneman began to incorporate evolutionary theory more explicitly into his work, developing a two-system, fast/slow model of human thinking. He earned his bachelors degree from Brandeis University in 1954, and his masters degree from Wesleyan University-where he worked with David McClellandin 1956. In addition, the PRG also developed a number of important tests and personality scales, notably, the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), which is comparable to the American 16PF Questionnaire and is the most frequently used such assessment tool in German-speaking countries. Rutters career has been focused on psychiatric disorders of personality development from early childhood through adolescence. Next, Haidt turned his attention to developing an empirically based typology of the moral emotions (moral foundations theory). Beck was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1921. As he summarizes the point: Less is expected of the young, and in turn less is received. For instance, he has asserted that the emotional meanings of the various facial expressions are largely universal-that is, independent of history or culturewhich implies that they are rooted in our common human biology. research methods, psychodynamic, humanism, cognitive psychology, behaviorism, and biological psychology. Patients suffering from BPD present with extremely volatile emotions and disturbed thinking, without crossing the line into full-blown schizophrenia-hence the notion that they occupy a borderline between neurosis and psychosis. With time, however, Blooms work has become increasingly ambitious, crossing over into the territory of philosophy. Csikszentmihlyi has also proposed a closely related concept he calls work orientation, which is basically the capacity to experience work as rewarding for its own sake. Biological psychology has also had a strong history of contributing to medical disorders including those that fall under the purview of clinical psychology and psychopathology, also known as abnormal psychology. Very recently, Haidt has taken a lot of heat from the cultural left by suggesting that there needs to be a greater diversity of opinion in American academia. Lev Vygotsky was a contemporary of some better-known psychologists including Piaget, Freud, Skinner, and Pavlov, yet his work never achieved the same eminence during his lifetime. Psychobiology - where mind meets matter. She is the recipient of numerous honors, including election (in 1995) as Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) and appointment as the APAs 1998 G. Stanley Hall Lecturer. Psychology 101. Biological psychology - New World Encyclopedia Lewis originally intended to become a doctor, but never received his medical degree. In developing her ideas, she came to characterize male morality as primarily rule-based and focused on the individual as the primary bearer of rights and duties and as the locus of judgments of moral desert; whereas women, she held, reason morally from a care perspective that is primarily concerned with empathy and compassion, and focused on needs, relationships, and group interests. Psychophysics (or experimental psychology) was pioneered by German scientists such as Gustav Fechner (18011887), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821--1894), and Wilhelm Wundt (1832--1920). Schrger is the author or co-author of more than 275 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and he is the author, co-author, or editor of 21 books and special editions of journals. Sternberg was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1949. Csikszentmihlyi has worked almost exclusively in the field of positive psychology-the investigation of the positive human affective states such as pleasure, happiness, joy, love, and creativity. Spelke was born in New York City in 1949. Mufleh Alsharari - | | LinkedIn Next, Kagan turned his attention to temperament-relatively stable personality types. In 2015, he was elected a Member of the Academy of Europe. This is the measurement of the electrical activity of one neuron, often in the context of an ongoing behavioral (psychological) task. In line with the well-known work of Noam Chomsky, Pinker further argued that the capacity for language is instinctive with respect to deep grammatical structure (universal grammar), and that experience merely shapes this instinctive behavior into the specific forms (surface grammar and lexicon) of a particular language. He earned his bachelors degree in 1976 from the University of Texas at Austin, and his Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of California, Berkeley. John Watson: Quotes, Theories, & Contributions | StudySmarter Martin Seligman. Biological Psychologist Career (Salary + Duties + Interviews) In addition to his many essays, book reviews, and op-ed pieces for the popular press, Pinker has published around 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and is the author, co-author, or editor of some 14 books. His father was an immigrant to Canada from Poland, while his mother hailed from Ukraine. Miller has argued that the human brain, whose rapid size increase he believes was due to intense sexual selection pressure, is a Fisherian runaway, and that therefore we should be very careful about the effects of our intelligence on our long-term survival. She is the author or co-author of some 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and chapters of edited volumes, as well as the co-editor of an influential early work in the field, The Adapted Mind, among other volumes. He is currently the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. Her findings are quite general and apply to hierarchical organizations of all sorts; for example, her work has elucidated ways in which physician-patient communication may influence clinical outcomes. Kagan is the author or co-author of some 450 peer-reviewed journal articles and books chapters, as well as the author, co-author, or editor of more than 30 books. (The hippocampus is a structure within the limbic system of the brain, between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.) (On evolutionary psychology in general, see the discussion under the entry for David M. Buss, above.) In this chapter, we extend this discussion to include the theoretical and methodological . His main conclusions center around the importance of the social environment for the successful enculturation of the growing child, which in turn is crucial to the childs success and happiness in life. His further claim that Buddhist meditational practices are an invaluable aid in such mind-training is more controversial, which is the reason why Davidson undertook the studies on the Tibetan monksto supply experimental proof of the beneficial effects of meditation. Biological psychology also has paradigmatic and methodological similarities to neuropsychology, which relies heavily on the study of the behavior of humans with nervous system dysfunction (a non-experimentally based biological manipulation). Aronsons work has focused on the social dimension of human motivational systems, such as the structural reasons for prejudice and aggression, as well as more cognitively oriented dimensions, such as cognitive dissonance (the discomfort we feel when some of our beliefs contradict others). He explained that "humidity" inside the head can contribute to mood disorders, and he recognized that this occurs when the amount of "breath" changes: Happiness increases the breath, which leads to increased moisture inside the brain, but if this moisture goes beyond its limits, the brain would lose control over its rationality and lead to mental disorders.[4]. Her work has centered on ecological psychology as it relates to the cognitive development of children, especially the way in which Gibsonian affordance theory throws light on how the mental manipulation of make-believe objects in childrens play is possible, how this unique cognitive capacity develops, and the important role it plays in healthy adult cognitive performance. She is currently Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, with an affiliate appointment in the Philosophy Department. In 2010, he was invited to give the prestigious Tanner Lectures on Human Values at the University of Michigan. Though Banduras work has been primarily oriented toward social psychology, he has had no hesitation in borrowing ideas from other fields-and repaying ideas to them with interest. Her popular college textbook, Psychology, co-written with Carole Wade and first published in the 1980s, was one of the first introductory texts to present research on gender and culture to a wide student audience. Finally, in recent years Diener has begun to explore some of the implications of his findings for politics and public policy, notably in a widely read paper he co-wrote with Martin Seligman (see below), Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being.[3]. Wundt actually worked at Schrgers own institutionthe University of Leipzigand Schrger has edited his correspondence. His father was an immigrant to Canada from Poland, while his mother hailed from Ukraine. Justin L. Barrett Paul Bloom Pascal Boyer David F. Bjorklund David Buller David Buss C [ edit] Anne Campbell Leda Cosmides D [ edit] Martin Daly Charles Darwin Robin Dunbar E [ edit] Irenus Eibl-Eibesfeldt F [ edit] Daniel Fessler W. Tecumseh Fitch Diana Fleischman G [ edit] David C. Geary H [ edit] Jonathan Haidt William D. Hamilton