tonton macoute victims tonton macoute victims

Family members who tried to remove the bodies for proper burial often disappeared. jimin rainbow hair butter; mcclure v evicore settlement The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. "Tonton Macoutes" style death squad; $100; 000 ransom; 17-year UN . Tonton Macoutes spread fear among Haitians, kidnapping them sometimes in . . 2023 Getty Images. Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. get to the top, Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, Front for the Advancement and Progress of Hati, The track "Tonton Macoutes" appears on the 1987 album Coup d'Etat by. . Ten na to reagoval tm, e se obklopil vrnmi ernmi venkovany, kte zahjili brutln represe proti . "This is a good decision," said Mario Joseph, one of the attorneys for the victims. The other members regrouped in England, where they adopted a new style and name, Tonton Macoute, taken from the Haitian folkloric character who abducted and banished children who roamed the streets after dark. It's likely the most familiar name on the 1971 debut album by British jazz-rockers Tonton Macoute isn't that of any band member or even engineer Martin Rushent (who went on to produce the Buzzcocks, Stranglers and Dr Feelgood among many others). But his messianic pledges of redemptive justice for victims of dictatorship and violence struck a responsive chord among the poor, . The diversity of the victims was also a measure of the "Macoutes'" cruelty. Victims were raped, cut open, or beaten to a bloody pulp in the street and then left there to rot as a warning to everyone else. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). . Dexter (television series) Season 1 Episode 9 (Father Knows Best) references Tonton Macoute, also referring to them as"The Boogymen". He renamed the Tonton Macoutes, a much feared group of secret police who served "Papa Doc . Tonton Macoute wasthe name of a boogeyman (a folkloric word for a demon creature that goes from kids to kids house's and scares them.) [12] This group answered to him only. The innerfold shows the members spread about a car heap. Both their allusions to the supernatural and their physical presentations were used with the intention of instilling fear and respect. Tonton Macoutes murdered over 60,000 Haitians. [9][11] They began to be called the Tonton Macoute when people started to disappear for no apparent reason. Massive crowd surrounds Guy Malary International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to prevent President Jean-Claude Duvalier's paramilitary police. ), Your email address will not be published. The 'dew breaker' voices a . [13], LucknerCambronne led the Tontons Macoute throughout the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s. The victims of Tontons Macoutes could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had previously supported an opposing politician to a businessman who refused to "donate" money for public works (which were the source of profit for corrupt officials and even the dictator himself). Tonton Macoute was first reissued in 1992 by German archivists Witch & Warlock. A jury sentenced Aderbal LHerisson on Tuesday to death by firing squad, according to Joseph Pierre, executive agent of the Tribunal of Peace in Cap Haitien, Haitis second-largest city, 200 miles northeast of Port-au-Prince. But many still remember his government's nightmarish prisons and violent special militia, known as the Tonton Macoute, which killed and tortured political opponents with impunity. Noun. a top Duvalier official with close ties to the feared Tonton Macoutes and alleged planner of a 1988 attack on . The Tonton Macoutes wore straw hats, blue denim shirts and dark glasses, and were armed with machetes and guns. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). . One man who claimed to be a former Tonton Macoute member said Haiti was known as the pearl of the Antilles and turned to the "pearl of trash" after Duvalier . He renamed the Tonton Macoutes, a much feared group of secret police who served "Papa Doc . [citation needed], In 1985 the United States began to shut down funds to Haitian aid, cutting nearly a million dollars from it within a year. 16 Jun June 16, 2022. tonton macoute victims. The victims of Tontons Macoutes could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had previously supported an opposing politician to a businessman who refused to "donate" money for public works (which were the source of . Wretched, also, to have fallen victim to calamitous flooding in 2002, 2003 (twice), 2006 and 2007. . Various of dead bodies in the market, allegedly victims of the Tonton Macoute (Haiti's paramilitary force) 23. Side one contains three group-composed pieces: Just Like Stone, Dont Make Me Cry, and Flying South in Winter.. In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). History In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). . Pierre said an angry crowd of 2,500 people filled the courtroom and streets outside and special security measures were taken to prevent LHerisson from being lynched. Jean-Claude kept the militia after his father died in 1971. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). These ghosts from the past still torment Haitian and U.S. policy: last year a group of civic activists accused the Obama administration of turning a blind-eye to the criminal activity being practiced against Aristide backers and supporters of his Fanmi Lavalas party. Political opponents often disappeared overnight, or were sometimes attacked in broad daylight. I have painted a grim picture . LHerisson said it was negligence, that he accidentally fired his weapon, but as far as I am concerned it was premeditated. Political opponents often disappeared overnight, or were sometimes attacked in broad daylight. . In partnership with songwriter Barry Mason, the pair composed all but the second a-side (Saint-Preux) and last b-side, a Scott/Reveler original. [22] They appeared in force again at polls in 1964, when Duvalier held a constitutional referendum that declared him president for life. The dictators hold on power was guaranteed by the secret polices terror campaign, and usually, the head of the Macoutes, was considered to be extremely close to the dictator. malnourished and frustrated victims were living un-comfortably close to the once secure white suburbs. Required fields are marked *, Paul French (keyboards, vocals), Chris Gavin (guitar, bass), Dave Knowles (woodwinds, vocals), Nigel Reveler (drums), Tonton Macoute had its roots in The Dick Scott Company, formed in 1966 by guitarist/singer Dick Scott, a one-time backing player for Screaming Lord Sutch. Tontons Macoutes stoned and burned people alive. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. , Such Sweet Sorrow (b/w I Can Fly, recorded earlier by The Herd), and Wilburs Thing (b/w Twos Company, Threes a Crowd). Certainly, the main tool for the maintenance of the regimes grasp on the population through much of this period was the Tonton Macoutes, renamed in 1971 as the Milice de Voluntaires de la Scurit Nationale MVSN (Volunteers for National Security). Butch Ashton, a business man who made his fortune during the Duvalier dictatorship by establishing corporations such as Citrus (a fruit exporter) and the Toyota dealership in the countrys capital, vehemently claims that the Tonton Macoute militia was trained by the U.S. Marine Corps and that the highest levels of the American government were complicit in this arrangement. Read more . [24], The Tonton Macoute remained active even after the presidency of "Papa Doc" Duvalier's son "Baby Doc" ended in 1986,[25] at the height of the Anti-Duvalierprotestmovement. [24], The Tonton Macoute remained active even after the presidency of "Papa Doc" Duvalier's son "Baby Doc" ended in 1986,[25] at the height of the Anti-Duvalier protest movement. Indeed, it even impeded accountability by removing to the U.S. thousands of documents from military and paramilitary headquarters, allowing notorious abusers to flee Haiti, and repeatedly giving safe haven to paramilitary leaders., The Tonton Macoutes: Legacy and Transformation. Showing Editorial results for tonton macoutes. Collect, curate and comment on your files. When we think of zombies we imagine the terrible living dead who eat human flesh that we see in films and tv shows such as " The Walking Dead " and " Dawn Of The Dead. Through an ad in Melody Maker, he recruited keyboardist Paul French, bassist Chris Gavin, reedist Dave Knowles, and drummer Nigel Reveler. The victims of Tontons Macoutes could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had previously supported an opposing politician to a businessman who refused to comply with extortion threats (ostensibly as donations for public works, but which were in fact the source of profit for corrupt officials and even President Duvalier). . . The most feared paramilitary group during the 1990s emerged as a political presence just as sadistic as the MVSN: the Revolutionary Front for the Advancement and Progress of HaitiFRAPH, which Toronto Stars crack journalist Linda Diebel described as modern-Macoutes and not as the political party they claimed to be. . . Haiti Demands Justice For Victims of Jean Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier. In contrast to the UN Secretary General's whitewashing of the violence in Haiti, even The Washington Post noted on Aug. 14, 2020: . Family members who tried to remove the bodies for proper burial often disappeared themselves. 'Baby Doc' wants Haiti presidency. Creole for "Uncle Bogeyman." Refers to the private militia first conscripted under Francois Duvalier, Haitian president from 1957-1971, and formally known as the VSN (Volontaires de la Scurite Nationale). Under Baby Doc, Martelly, a popular musician, ran the Garage, a nightclub patronized by army officers and members of Haiti's tiny ruling class. This religious affiliation gave the Tontons Macoute a kind of unearthly authority in the eyes of the public. Gerda Benoit-Prval, far right, with Tonton Macoute-type eyeglasses. The victims of Tonton Macoutes could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had the temerity to support an opposing politician to a businessman who refused to "donate" money for public works (which were the source of profit for corrupt officials and even the dictator himself). . Grenades and bombs exploded in the daytime and gunfire crackled at night, resulting in what Bernard Diederich, co-author (with Al Burt) of Papa Doc and the Tonton Macoutes, recently called "a day of mayhem, genocide!" AHistoryofPoliticalViolenceagainstthePoorTheBlood-SoakedRecordoftheDuvaliers", "Duvalier,64,DiesinHaiti;Son,19,IsNewPresident", "Ogou-Vodou,VoodooSpirit,LwaoftheNagoNation", "5. Although this organization no longer formally exists, its legacy of paramilitary violence and sheer brutality still contorts Haitian modern political and economic cultures. [17], The Tontons Macoute were a ubiquitous presence at the polls in the 1961presidentialreferendum, in which Duvalier's official vote count was an "outrageous" and fraudulent 1,320,748 to 0, electing him to another term. Prv CD obsahuje pvodn debut z roku 1971 a druh obsahuje v podstate aksi remake, prepracovania pvodnch skladieb vytvorench samotnou . They signed to RCA, which placed them in a group of bands (, The self-produced effort was recorded at Advision Studios and engineered by Martin Rushent. Israeli hostages, apparently the victims of a hand grenade tossed by a terrorist into one of the helicopter's cabins (Hoffman, 1998, pp. Laguardia High School Class Of 2013, Dexter: Issue 2 Dexter: Issue 3 After encountering Deveaux at Steve Gonzalez's office . Tradues em contexto de "this out pretending to" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : As the administrator, you will still need to log in through the main SuperSaaS login page so you would want to try this out pretending to be a regular user. Haiti contains relatively small amounts of gold, silver, antimony, tin, lignite The Tonton Macoutes . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He is an important and self-indulgent man in the Tonton Macoutes who has been sent to kill an outspoken preacher. The story takes place in New Orleans. Having interviewed and met some of the victims and victims' family members . Deveaux is a character in the Dexter Comics. Tonton Macoutes tntn mkoot [ key] [Haitian Creole,=bogeymen], personal police force of dictator Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) of Haiti. Anthropological Reflections on Religion and Violence", "5. 1.Just Like Stone [0:00]2.Don't Make Me Cry [6:32]3.Flying South In Winter [15:20]4.Dreams [21:43]5.You Make My Jelly Roll [25:41]6.Natural High Part I [33:41]7.Natural High Part I [40:36]CHRIS GAVIN : bass, acoustic \u0026 electric guitarPAUL FRENCH : organ, piano, vibraphone, vocalsNIGEL REVELER : drums, percussionDAVE KNOWLES : alto \u0026 tenor sax, flute, clarinet, vocals Haiti under Duvalier was, in effect, a police state. Tonton Macoute was formed in 1959 and was named as Milice Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (National Security Volunteer Militia). Before cofounding the FRAPH, Chamblain had served with the Tonton Macoutes, the infamous paramilitary arm of the Duvalier dictatorship, which according to human rights organizations was responsible for killing tens of thousands of people and victimizing many more. Family members who tried to remove the bodies for proper burial often disappeared themselves. In the TV Series JUSTIFIED Season 5 Episode 01 "A Murder of Crow's" the Tonton Macoute is mentioned by the lead character of the series, Raylan played by actor Timothy Olyphant, while questioning a Haitian suspect that by his appearance & attitude is portrayed to be a likely former member of the group. The Tonton Macoute did the run-of-the-mill repression against Duvalier's enemies by abducting, torturing, murdering, and raping them, but they also took things to an entirely new level. 'I, Too, Want to Be a Big Man': The Making of a Haitian 'Boat People', "The Tonton Macoutes: The Central Nervous System of Haiti's Reign of Terror", "1. Big Bertha, with its fuzzy organ, snaky flute, booming drums, gritty vocals, and complex harmonies, demonstrates their soul-psych penchant across its stop/start structure. Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the abbreviated name Tonton in 1972. The diversity of the victims was also a measure of the Macoutes cruelty. Later, he profited by supplying corpses and blood to universities and hospitals in the United States. The song hit #1 on the Belgian singles chart. Her boyfriend, Franfrico, was with her. [22] They appeared in force again at polls in 1964, when Duvalier held aconstitutionalreferendum that declared him presidentforlife. Keyboardist/vocalist Paul French reemerged at decades end with art-rockers Voyager, which issued three albums between 1979 and 1981. Their murderous militia, the Tonton Macoutes, allegedly killed more than 30,000 opponents. Eloise was the head of the feared "Tonton Macoute", the Haitian secret police. They signed to RCA, which placed them in a group of bands (Spring, Dando Shaft, Raw Material, Indian Summer) issued on the labels short-lived underground division, Neon. Tonton Macoutes, a militia force put together in 1959 by President Franois Duvalier, translated, means Uncle Gunnysack, referring to a bogeyman that captures children in a gunnysack and eats them for breakfast. [21] Massacres led by paramilitary groups spawned from the Macoutes continued during the following decade. Cambronne did this through his company "Hemocaribian" and shipped five tons of plasma per month to US Labs. Change). . In retaliation, the tonton macoutes attacked the Church of St. Jean Bosco, killing 13 members of Aristide's congregation in 1988, two weeks before he was expelled from the Salesian order. The "tonton macoutes" were disbanded in 1986 after Jean-Claude Duvalier went into exile. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier. Their unrestrained state terrorism was accompanied by corruption, extortion and personal aggrandizement among the leadership. The Tontons Macoutes murdered between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. His cruelty earned him the nickname "Vampire of the Caribbean". The Roots of Haitian Vodou". MythologicalandFantasticFemaleCommunitiesBreath,Eyes,Memory", "DUVALIERFLEESHAITITOENDFAMILY'S28YEARSINPOWER:GENERALLEADSNEWREGIME;20REPORTEDDEAD", "RevolutionaryFrontforHaitianAdvancementandProgress(FRAPH)FrontRvolutionnairepourL'AvancementetleProgressHaitien(FRAPH)", "Muslimgauze.org-Discography-CoupD'Etat", Several semi-legal paramilitary organizations, The track "Tonton Macoutes" appears on the 1987 album. On Papa Doc's death in 1971, his son Baby Doc assumed power and renamed the Tonton Macoutes (who were understandably getting a bad name by now and not viewed as a positive force in Haiti) the "National Security Volunteers". "Uncle Gunnysack." A bogeyman of Haitian Creole folklore. In Haitian Creole mythology Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) was the name of a boogeyman who walked the streets after dark, and would kidnap children who stayed out too late. 4.00. organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes ("Bogeymen")to terrorize the population. When the Hospital could not supply this, the local funeral homes would be used. The victim was thrown into a stone bag without trial or investigation, or simply killed, and all his . [17] The Tonton Macoute was heavily influenced by Vodou tradition with denim uniforms resembling clothing like AzakaMedeh, the patron of farmers, and the use of the machete in symbolic reference to Ogun, a great general in Vodou tradition. Mythological and Fantastic Female Communities Breath, Eyes, Memory", "DUVALIER FLEES HAITI TO END FAMILY'S 28 YEARS IN POWER: GENERAL LEADS NEW REGIME; 20 REPORTED DEAD", "Revolutionary Front for Haitian Advancement and Progress (FRAPH) Front Rvolutionnaire pour L'Avancement et le Progress Haitien (FRAPH)", "Muslimgauze.org - Discography - Coup D'Etat", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonton_Macoute&oldid=1136386311, Paramilitary organizations based in Haiti, Defunct law enforcement agencies of Haiti, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Several semi-legal paramilitary organizations, The track "Tonton Macoutes" appears on the 1987 album. Posted on Saturday, December 28, 2013 . The regimes of both leaders tortured and killed political opponents and relied on a dreaded civilian militia known as the Tonton Macoutes. How to say tonton macoute in English? Dessalines is capriciously beaten and finally killed by Macoute soldiers during Sophie's trip to Haiti with . [citationneeded], In 1985 the United States began to shut down funds to Haitian aid, cutting nearly a million dollars from it within a year. Rochester, Vermont: Destiny Books. This was a group responsible only to Papa Doc . The Tonton Macoutes (singular Tonton Macoute referring to a member thereof; or Ton Ton Macoute) was a Haitian militia force under the control of Franois Duvalier . In 1970 the militia was renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, perhaps named after the homonymous Italian Fascist paramilitary organisation). After the July 1958 Haitian coup d'tat attempt against President Franois Duvalier, he disbanded the army and all law enforcement agencies in Haiti and executed numerous officers. In the episode, Doakes has an altercation with Jacques Bayard, a past member of Tonton Macoute. represin de los Tonton Macoutes, dictaduras crueles en uno y otro pas, matanzas de haitianos del lado dominicano de la isla (Franco, 2003); tambin lo es la explotacin laboral y la pobreza. Another victim had an even . The victims of Tontons Macoutes could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had previously supported an opposing politician to a businessman who refused to comply with extortion threats (ostensibly as donations for public works, but which were in fact the source of profit for corrupt officials and even President Duvalier). Pierre said the defendant sought refuge in the National Palace after the shooting and remained there for 10 days. Select from premium Tonton Macoutes of the highest quality. Snotel Montana Snowpack Map, Pronunciation of tonton macoute with 3 audio pronunciations, 6 translations and more for tonton macoute. Duvalier (better known as "Papa Doc") came to power in 1957, as a populist, freely elected. LaGeurta and Doakes speak about the atrocities committed by Tonton Macoute. Wer gerne fr die Erdbebenopfer in der Trkei & Syrien was brig hat, kann gerne hier spenden: https://www.betterplace.org/de/fundraising-events/43885-der-kc-s . From their methods to their choice of clothes, Vodou always played an important role in their actions. The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. Tonton Macoute day was 29 July 1985, and amongst festivities the group was bestowed new uniforms and was honored by all of Baby Doc's cabinet. Information on the situation and treatment of former Tonton Macoutes and whether their family members are targeted by the chimres, members of the Lavalas movement or state actors was scarce among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. Costa Rica est cas de cancer la scie vu qui Macoutes) A member of the Tonton Macoutes in Haiti; by extension, a thug or criminal. He profited by extortion carried out by his followers. Big Bertha, with its fuzzy organ, snaky flute, booming drums, gritty vocals, and complex harmonies, demonstrates their soul-psych penchant across its stop/start structure. Along with titles by Stone the Crows, Fleetwood Mac, and Osibisa, this was near the start of a long career for Rushent, who would later work on classics by Gentle Giant (Octopus), Groundhogs (Hogwash), Premiata Forneria Marconi (LIsola di Niente), Roderick Falconer (New Nation), David Essex (Out on the Street), Trickster (Trickster), The Stranglers (Rattus Norvegicus), Buzzcocks (Another Music in a Different Kitchen), J.J. Burnel (Euroman Cometh), Visage (Visage), and The Human League (Dare). Family members who tried to remove the bodies for proper burial often disappeared. Saint-Hilaire was an outspoken pro-democracy activist who had been calling upon students . Nonetheless the regime pushed forward and even had a national party for the Tontons Macoute. Members: Paul French (keyboards, vocals), [] Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In 1971, Francois Duvalier suddenly died of an illness and named his son to succeed him. Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the abbreviated name Tonton in 1972. In 1959, only two years after becoming president, Papa Doc created a paramilitary force that would report only to him and would be fully empowered to use unremitting violence to maintain the new administrations authority to summarily dispose of its enemies. Duvalier created the militia, because he felt threatened by the Haitian army. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and . Anyone who challenged the VSN risked assassination. They are referenced in the Showtime series DEXTER in a fictional storyline. Security, commonly known as the Tontons Macoutes (a Haitian Creole . The fillette lalo, on the other hand, has a more fictional origin. October 4, 2014. The U.S. has been an active supporter, albeit from the shadows, even years after the Tonton Macoute reign of violence officially was over. The most feared paramilitary group during the 1990s was the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Hati (FRAPH), which Toronto Star journalist Linda Diebel described as modern Tonton Macoutes, and not the legitimate political party it claimed to be. Cambronne did this through his company "Hemocaribian" and shipped five tons of plasma per month to US Labs. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). Flight . Hes issued solo material at a slowed pace in the decades since. Danticat opens by describing the main character in a soft but insistent way. 22. Publicado en junio 16, 2022 por junio 16, 2022 por Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Victims of a massacre conducted by attache paramilitaries working with police and military forces in 1987. After the July 1958 Haitian coup d'tat attempt against President Franois Duvalier, he purged the army and law enforcement agencies in Haiti and executed numerous officers as he perceived them as a threat to his regime. Jean Worley, 54, a tall. Grave digger Deslhomme Destine clears out one of about 30 graves for unclaimed and unidentified earthquake victims February 25, 2010 in Titanyen,. Haitians named this force after the Haitian Creole mythological bogeyman Tonton Macoute ("Uncle Gunnysack"), who kidnaps and punishes unruly children by snaring them in a gunny sack (French: macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. 'I,Too,WanttoBeaBigMan':TheMakingofaHaitian'BoatPeople', "TheTontonMacoutes:TheCentralNervousSystemofHaiti'sReignofTerror", "1. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 02:18. Taylor Strecker Husband, [17] The Tonton Macoute was heavily influenced by Vodou tradition with denim uniforms resembling clothing like Azaka Medeh, the patron of farmers, and the use of the machete in symbolic reference to Ogun, a great general in Vodou tradition. To install click the Add extension button. He stated once in the British newspaper The Independent that a good Duvalierist is prepared to kill his children (for Duvalier) and expects his children to kill their parents for him. . Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. Many times they put the corpses of their victims on display, often hung in trees for everyone to see and take as warnings against opposition. Montas recalls "the smell of rotting bodies for days, but also the gripping smell of fear. Some of the most important members of the Tonton Macoute were Vodou leaders. Systemic human rights abuses against Haitian citizens included curtailment of civil and political rights, arbitrary detention, forced . Across its gatefold cover, Tonton Macoute shows a sepia-tinged lake populated with jutting rocks facing a faucet-tapped dendroid (front) and a carriage atop an iceberg (back). They were responsible for unknown numbers of murders and rapes in Haiti. In the novel The Dew Breaker Danticat presents the corrupt, evil, inhuman, brutal action Stoning Victim in Port-au-Prince.