a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. The instructor has better control of the situation, can change the approach to meet any contingency, and can tailor each idea to suit the responses of the students. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. A major shortcoming of test preparation materials is that the emphasis is on rote learning, which is the lowest of all levels of learning, Test preparation materials, as well as instructors, that dwell on teaching the test are shortchanging student applicants. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of group learning is that it continually requires active participation of the student in the learning process, In spite of its advantages, success with cooperative or group learning depends on conditions and controls. The extemporaneous presentation reflects the instructors personal enthusiasm and is more flexible than other methods. Furthermore, the skill or behavior described should be logical and within the overall instructional plan, Conditions are necessary to specifically explain the rules under which the skill or behavior is demonstrated. The revised performance-based objective may now read, "Using a sectional chart and a flight computer, plan a flight and fly from point A to point B in a Cessna 172. For example, the specific words, "a leak in the fuel line" tell more than the general term "mechanical defect", Another way the instructor can add life to the lecture is to vary his or her tone of voice and pace of speaking. Effective instructors relate well to people. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. The pilot attempted four unsuccessful approaches with the controllers talking him through each approach. Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. Periodic review and assessment by the instructor is necessary to ensure that the student has not acquired any bad habits, As the student becomes proficient with the fundamentals of flight and aircraft maneuvers or maintenance procedures, the instructor should increasingly emphasize ADM as a means of applying what has been previously learned. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. When using this method, instructors should keep their own discussion to a minimum since the goal is student participation, Instructors can also use another form of discussion, the guided discussion method, to ensure the student has correctly received and interpreted subject information, The guided discussion method relies on student possession of a level of knowledge about the topic to be discussed, either through reading prior to class or a short lecture to set up the topic to be discussed. As such, they serve as guides or resource experts and circulate among students who are working individually or in small groups. For an instructor who tends to ramble, notes are a must because they help keep the lecture on track. They should provide an accurate visual image and make learning easier for the student, Another use for instructional aids is to clarify the relationships between material objects and concepts. The instructor also can write on a blank transparency as the lesson progresses, much like a chalk or marker board. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. With elearning, sophisticated databases can organize vast amounts of information that can be quickly sorted, searched, found, and cross-indexed, Due to the active nature of e-learning, the overall learning process is enhanced in several ways. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. An instructor should also be patient and give students a chance to react. Computer-based training also can be designed so the progress of the student can be tracked and documented. [Figure 4-17], In practice, the choice of instructional aids depends on several factors. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. Words or terms used in an instructional aid should be carefully selected to convey the same meaning for the student as they do for the instructor. It also may be difficult to find good programs for certain subject areas, and the expense associated with the equipment, software, and facilities must be considered. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. Leadoff questions should usually begin with how or why. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. This permits effective sorting or categorizing chunks of information in the working or short-term memory. An important factor is chart format. Careful preparation is one key to successful performance as a classroom lecturer. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. By being actively engaged in discussing the lecture, students improve their recall and ability to use the information in the future, It is important for the instructor to play the part of guide, keeping the discussion focused on the subject matter. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. Accident data is available at NTSBs Aviation Accident Database & Synopses at www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/query.asp/, Electronic learning or e-learning has become an umbrella term for any type of education that involves an electronic component such as the Internet, a network, a stand-alone computer, CD/DVDs, video conferencing, websites, or email in its delivery. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. The following information provides a framework for successfully conducting the guided discussion, A guided discussion lesson is introduced in the same manner as the lecture. When practical, they should encourage student participation. In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. The pilot continued into the instrument conditions for about 30 minutes before asking Atlanta Approach Control for directions to the nearest airport for landing. Review and assessment are integral parts of each classroom, and/or flight lesson. It can be an enlargement, a reduction, or the same size as the original. In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. High-quality, commercially produced CDs and DVDs are available for almost every aviation training subject. The rhetorical question is similar in nature, because it also spurs group thought. As the student progresses through higher levels of performance and understanding, the instructor should shift the training focus to decision-based training objectives. Only after reasonable competence has been demonstrated should the student be allowed to practice certain maneuvers on solo flights. The instructor may use an overhead question to pose the lead-off question. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. Any of these may be appropriate at one time or another. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. The human mind rarely retains, evaluates, and applies new concepts or practices after a single exposure. A reverse question is a question asked by a learner and the instructor returns the question to the same learner for response. There are three stages of action. During this research process, the instructor should also earmark reading material that appears to be especially appropriate as background material for students. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. A complete outline tends to distract students and makes a logical presentation difficult. For example, the subsystems within a physical unit are relatively easy to relate to each other through the use of schematics or diagrams. The student displays whatever competence has been attained, and the instructor discovers just how well the skill has been learned. These scenarios require the pilot to manage the resources available in the flight deck, exercise sound judgment, and make timely decisions. The instructors success is determined to a large degree by the ability to organize material and to select and utilize a teaching method appropriate to a particular lesson, Application is student use of the instructors presented material. The group task may emphasize academic achievement, cognitive abilities, or physical skills, but the instructor must use clear and specific learning objectives to describe the knowledge and/or abilities the students are to acquire and then demonstrate on their own. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. It should be noted that PTS and O&P standards are limited to the most critical job tasks. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. Some of these include study guides, exercise books, course outlines, and syllabi. For example, voicerecognition technology, which lets computers accept spoken rather than keyed input, is highly effective for technical training, Miniature electro-optical devices allow computer-aided information to be projected electronically on sunglass-style eye wear which is connected to a lightweight, belt mounted computer. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. This critique helps the instructor judge the adequacy of supporting materials and visual aids, as well as the presentation. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Instructors need not refer to another document to evaluate student performance. Establish a specific lesson objective with desired learning outcomes. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. This results when the material is presented as an authentic problem in a situated environment that allows the learner to "make meaning" of the information based on his or her past experience and personal interpretation. In all cases, a systematic plan of action requires the use of an appropriate training syllabus. Since it has been documented that students learn more effectively when actively involved in the learning process, SBT is also used to train AMTs, The aviation instructor is the key to successful SBT and the overall learning objective in this method of training delivery is for the student to be more ready to exercise sound judgment and make good decisions. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. Professional instructors should not limit their objectives to meeting only the published requirements for pilot or AMT certification, Instructional objectives should also extend beyond those listed in official publications. It is important for instructors to remember: Technical knowledge is useless if the instructor fails to communicate it effectively, The two-way process of effective communication means actively listening to the student, as well as teaching him or her, In the previous scenario, Bob uses the guided group discussion period to listen to his students discuss the weight and balance problem. In addition, the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot who should: Seek proficiency in control of the aircraft. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. flight instructor determines if an applicant can demonstrate the ability to meet English language requirements. Aids that involve learning a physical skill should guide students toward mastery of the skill or task specified in the lesson objective, Instructional aids have no value in the learning process if they cannot be heard or seen.