why did jesus change levi to matthew why did jesus change levi to matthew

[46] Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 15465; Klijn, Jewish Christian Gospel Tradition, 29-30, 3132; Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels, 4351; Frey, Die Fragmente des Nazorerevangeliums, in Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher bersetzung. When Jesus said, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. Jesus believed that he had the same right to reassign a person's nameand therefore a person's life calling and destiny" (Cunningham). As Jesus was having a meal in Levi's home, many tax collectors and sinners were eating with Jesus and his disciples . He offered something infinitely better. [48] Frey, Die Fragmente des Nazorerevangeliums, 626; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 50, 50n.35. Krzingers and Gundrys proposals have varying degrees of persuasiveness, but most scholars have not been swayed by their contention that Papiass words on Matthew have been misread through the centuries. Some Patristic interpreters guessed that the evangelists Mark and Luke called Matthew by his less popular name Levi out of deference for his apostolic status, while Matthew himself had the humility to confess that he was once employed in a disreputable profession under his better-known name (e.g., John Chrysostom, hom. Ward Powers enthusiastically endorses this line of reasoning in the following bold claim: "To have this evidence about the apostle Matthew his background, training, and employment in the Roman administration; his response to the call to follow Jesus; his appointment to the role and responsibility of apostle and to believe that he wouldnotwrite down what Jesus was doing and teaching requires a far bigger leap of faith than believing that he did. [34] The double tradition is mostly comprised of sayings, but there are a couple of narratives (e.g., Matt 4:111/Luke 4:113; Matt 8:513/Luke 7:110). 4.9). 3.25.5; cf. Rather, he plainly states, So Matthew composed the oracles in the Hebrew language and each person interpreted them as best he could (in Eusebius, At first sight, this description seems like a poor match for the extant text entitled the. [1] There is no indication that Matthew wrote anything (contra John 21:24; Moreover, Matthew hardly features more as a character in the narrative than in the other two Synoptic Gospels to be the key source of the Matthean traditions. There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. They contend that the conjunction oun (therefore) in Papiass statement about Matthew (3.39.16) was connected to his prior statement about Mark (3.39.15), entailing that Matthew published his narrative of Jesuss life in response to the perceived shortcomings of Marks account. Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 167; Klijn. There were what the Jews called publicans aka tax collectors like Matthew who collected taxes for customs or tolls on imports, exports, and merchants who came to buy or sell in Israel. Josef Krzinger and Robert Gundry have tried to line up Papiass testimony with the academic consensus. 30.1; Jerome, Matt. Matthew's shocked facial expression shows that he understands this societal dynamic well, but his look and gesture may indicate even more than that. The Identification of the Toll Collector as Matthew. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners., CLICK HERE for Jesus and the Pharisees article. James son of Alphaeus is traditionally identified as James the Less and James the brother of Jesus. The text of Matthew in its final form, on the other hand, may be a better point of contrast for Marks narrative, and Q would not have an advantage over it if Q originated in Greek as well. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 166; Hagner, Matthew 113, 238; Carson, Matthew, 224; Ben Witherington III, Matthew (Macon: Smyth & Helywys, 2006), 197; Osbourne, Matthew, 334; Powers, Progressive Publication, 2829. Q. [39] Edwards (Hebrew Gospel, 210) identifies Matthews oracles in h.e. This could be a good possibility for the changing of the names. Per tradition, Matthew was killed by by a soldier on the order of the king of Ethiopia. had his name changed from Levi to Matthew likely by Jesus Himself who changed Simon's name to Peter. h.e. He called us when all we had was need. Biblical Evidence : Read Mark 2:13-14. 3.1.1; Pantaenus, in Eusebius, h.e. Likewise, Jerome prematurely announced that he had finished his translations of the Old and New Testaments when he just started the task (Vir. He was a man of moderate wealth, the only one of any means belonging to the apostolic corps. There are a number of Patristic and Medieval quotations that purportedly derive from a text that was commonly dubbed as the, James R. Edwards has revived the older position that Matthew was the author of the, Conversely, Papias may not have known the. [10] For the debate over whether Mark 2:14 and 3:18 refer to the same individual or to two different individuals named Alphaeus, see Bauckham, Jesus and the Eyewitnesses, 87n.17. 30.13.45), indicating that it was published in Greek at the outset. Perhaps most plain is the calling of the disciple Matthew, also known as Levi the tax collector. T/F, 4. Because of that, Levi later threw a party at his house and invited his sinner friends to meet Jesus. VesuviusAugust 24, 79 AD. Based on Papiass title Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord and his summary of Marks account of the oracles of the Lord, Papiass usage of the term logion encompassed both teachings and short narrative episodes (cf. The other Eleven were ordinary men. 3 Whatever their character, the line between astrology and astronomy was thin, if only because stargazing was respectable. Marys Perpetual Virginity & Jesus Brothers, Why Pollen on the Shroud of Turin Proves it is Real, Christian Inscriptions in Roman Catacombs, Eruption Of Mt. Warren Carter underscores how Papiass erroneous supposition served to underline the antiquity of this gospel and link it to the apostles.. 3.11.7), which is hard to reconcile with the Ebionitess denial of the virginal conception of Jesus (1.26.2; 3.21.1; 5.1.3; contra Matt 1:23). If Jesus proclaimed the 'Kingdom of God," sneered Pilate, let him die as "King of the Jews" (Mark 15:2,9,12,18,26). Third, Matthew Wanted to Tell Others about Christ. Thus, some scholars who otherwise defend the traditional authorship of Matthews Gospel admit that Papias erred in his belief about the original language in which it was written. Jesus casually says to Levi the tax collector,follow me and Levi got up and followed him. Just like that. 6.25.4; Epiphanius, Pan. Curiously, Origen answered the philosopher Celsus's criticism that Jesus assembled a motley crew of "toll collectors and sailors" by stressing that Matthew was the sole toll collector within the apostolic circle and that Levi was not numbered among the twelve apostles except for in select manuscripts of Mark's Gospel (Cels. Hist. Levi meaning joined and the name Matthew meaning gift of Yahweh.. We soon discover the difference between the man and the rock. This is very possible, as scholars point to Simon (Peter) and Saul. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2017), 1089; cf. ed. Jesus Christ and Saint Peter have entered the room, and Jesus is pointing at Matthew. Despite the pain and agony of the cross, Jesus chose to die for the sins of the world because He loves us. Calling of St. Matthew by Alexandre Bida, 1875. Levi had to keep very accurate records. Friedrich Schleiermacher, ber die Zeugnisse des Papias von unsern beiden ersten Evangelien, TSK 5 (1832): 73568; Manson, For the general consensus of Q scholars, see Nigel Turner, Q in Recent Thought, Daniel A. Bertrand, Lvangile des Ebionites: une harmonie vangelique antrieur au. Luz, Matthew 17, 80. As he went along, he saw Levi, the son of Alphaeus, sitting at the tax booth. The important take-away from this detour through the Patristic testimonies was that the oldest tradition was that the evangelist Matthew published a text in Aramaic and left it to more qualified translators to translate it into the form that we have today as the Greek. All of the harsh and disapproving things He could have or should have said to Matthew would have been justified as far as the culture around them was concerned. Other scholars suspect that the Nazarenes only supplied Jerome with their own translations and commentary on Matthews Gospel. The Testimonium Flavianum Question (My Two Cents), The Bible is Accurate Manuscript Evidence, Sayings From the Bible in the 21st Century, Colors & Dyes For Clothing in Ancient Rome, Thanksgiving: First Foods, First Friends1620, Ancient Ossuaries Uncover Biblical Truths. Zavada, Jack. 30.3.7; 30.13.214.4), was the Gospel according to the Hebrews, though Epiphanius derided it as the Ebionites mutilation of Matthews Gospel. with Q or M may depend on a given scholars acceptance or not of the Four Source theory as classically formulated. Even Jesus acknowledges the hatred people had for tax collectors: " If they refuse to listen even to the church, treat them as you would a pagan or a tax collector" (Matthew 18:17). [19] Yet our access to Papias is mediated through Eusebius, so it is uncertain whether Eusebius interrupted an interconnected statement about both evangelists or juxtaposed two separate excerpts from Papias together. H. Gundry, 287291; James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), 35; Shanks, Papias, 12529, 195; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 214. Indeed, Levi is Israel's priestly tribe, as stated in the Bible: "The priests the Levites the priests the Levites the priests the Levites" (Deuteronomy 17:9, 17:18, 18:1). They were considered traitors because they worked for the despised Roman rulers. [30] Warren Carter underscores how Papiass erroneous supposition served to underline the antiquity of this gospel and link it to the apostles.[31], Another option is that Papias was referring to a lost source. However, Didymus the Blind spotted a similar story in certain Gospels in his Commentary on Ecclesiastes (223.613) and one of those Gospels could have been the Gospel according to the Hebrews that he cited elsewhere in his Commentary on the Psalms (184.910). It is the contracted name of Mattathias. Acts 1:1-2 appears to tie the two books to the same author. [28] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 26364. The fact of one man having two names is of frequent occurrence among the Jews. [43] Daniel A. Bertrand, Lvangile des Ebionites: une harmonie vangelique antrieur au Diatessaron NTS 26 (1980): 54863; Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 16671; Klijn, Gospel Tradition, 28-30; Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels, 5154; Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 3738; 83, 25152; Frey, Die Fragmente des Ebioniterevangeliums, 60722; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 43; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 10, 171261. Many people were surprised when Jesus sat down to eat with Levi, but they learned that Jesus' message of salvation is for everyone. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. However, Jesus Christ is of the tribe of Judah. As most of us know, the tax collector named Levi became Saint Matthew. Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. However, most scholars think that the tax collector Levi (not Zacchaeus) and Matthew were the same person based on these three verses: - Matthew 9:9 - "And as Jesus passed on from there, He saw a man, called Matthew, sitting in the tax office; and He *said to . Epiphanius and Jerome later confused the traditional account of the authorship of Matthews Gospel with the origins of the Gospel according to the Hebrews. 1. Tax collectors at that time were known as dishonest and corrupt people. There are many examples of irresistible grace in God's Word. The Calling of Saint Matthew depicts the moment from Matthew 9:9 when Jesus passes by Matthew, a tax collector, and says 'Follow me.' Matthew (also called Levi) did so and became one of Jesus . This makes it doubtful that Matthew 9:9 was intended as either the evangelists self-reference or as a pseudonymous literary device supplementing the ascription of this Gospel to Matthew. December 29, 2020 7:00 AM EST. He was one of the earlier followers of Jesus Christ. On the other hand, the oldest quotations from the Gospel according to the Hebrews were not attributed to a named author (e.g., Clement, str. Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. Pan. Watchthe video below. I.2.26; Eusebius, h.e. Ancient and modern scholars have been perplexed by the fact that the name of the toll collector in Matthew 9:9 differs from its synoptic counterparts. For example, the Valentinian theologian Heracleon differentiated Levi from Matthew (cf. (vv. The Calling of St. Matthew, by Vittore Carpaccio, 1502. Vir. Jesus asked him to be a *disciple (Matthew 9:9). Matthew's " original name, Levi, suggests that he was a man of the priestly tribe." Levi means " adhesion ." But Matthew was re-Christened " gift " or "given," a profound switch for a tax. Mark 16:1),[11] though this example differs slightly from Matthew 9:9 inasmuch as the woman is left unnamed. 3.39.16 with the Gospel according to the Hebrews in h.e. For the debate over whether Mark 2:14 and 3:18 refer to the same individual or to two different individuals named Alphaeus, see Bauckham. Acts 1:19; 2:6, 8; 21:40; 22:2; 26:14);[22] Krzinger enlists Irenaeus in support of his reading of Papias, despite the fact that Irenaeus used the article when affirming that Matthew wrote to the Hebrews in their dialektos (cf. [20] Matthew Black, The Use of Rhetorical Terminology in Papias on Matthew and Mark JSNT 37 (1989): 32; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 222. [37] See B. H. Streeter, The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins (London: MacMillan, 1924). This is a quite different case from that of an individual having both a Semitic and a Greek or Latin name, as well as from that of an individual having a Semitic name and also a nickname or family name."[7]. Alternate titles: Levi, St. Matthew the Apostle, St. Matthew the Evangelist. J.E. And he got up and followed him. ; ; ; ; () Brezhoneg; Catal; etina; Dansk; Deutsch; Eesti Excessive. Krzinger and Gundry re-read the Papian fragment through the lens of rhetorical categories. Say, Jesus saw Levi and knew that Levi and the other tax collectors needed to know the good news. [9] Lindars, Western Text,222; cf. 29.9.4; 30.3.7; 30.13.2; 30.14.3) and Jerome (Epist. [20], Krzinger and Gundry re-read the Papian fragment through the lens of rhetorical categories. There were, however, at the time of Christ and the Apostles two languages spoken by JewsAramaic and Greek. "Follow me," he said to him. Acts 7:38; Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1 Pet 4:11;1 Clem. Was the Gospel of Matthew written by Levi aka Matthew in Hebrew, Aramaic or Greek? Mark 3:18). I. But lets hear Matthews own account of his calling: As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collectors booth. [29] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 262. As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collectors booth. Matthew was obviously a small mokhes because he himself was sitting in the tax office as Jesus passed through the outskirts of Capernaum. There is no evidence that any of the Patristic authorities made any inferences about Matthews proficiency in Greek or level of education in rhetorical composition based on Matthews former occupation alone. Many think that just as Simon was named Peter (the rock) by the Lord, Levi was likewise renamed Matthew (the gift of God) by Jesus. Of course, their hippy-dippy ways are . This is not a solitary occurrence within Matthews Gospel: the evangelist inserted the mother of the sons of Zebedee into one pericope (Matt 20:20; cf. Christoph Markschies und Jens Schrter (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012), 606; Kok, Papias of Hierapolis, 4752; Andrew Gregory, The Gospel according to the Hebrews and the Gospel of the Ebionites (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 34, 78. 1) The name of the collector whom Jesus summons is not "Levi, son of Alphaeus", but "Matthew" (9,9). He was honored that His Lord considered him such a gift, But as Levi he had immediately joined his life to Jesus and His Mission. St. Matthew (Matthew 9:10) modestly says, "in the house," keeping himself as much as possible in the background.St. There is a lot of controversy in recent centuries about that subject. Both are true because Matthew and Levi are two names for the same person. Key Verse: 6:13, "When morning came, he called his disciples to him and chose twelve of them, whom he also designated apostles". [45] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 100101; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 41; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 47, 47n.28. Ps. This is not a solitary occurrence within Matthews Gospel: the evangelist inserted the mother of the sons of Zebedee into one pericope (Matt 20:20; cf. 8:2; 19:13; Isa. [42], It was not until Epiphanius (Pan. There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. Sextus Julius AfricanusWhy Did The Magi Come ? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Matthew, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Biography of Matthew, Catholic Online - Biography of St. Matthew, Catholic Information Network - St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist. [43] Further, the Gospel according to the Ebionites features a pun that only works in Greek (cf. The next disciple that Jesus called was Levi (Matthew). I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners. Mark 2:13-17. From the place where he collected taxes near the Sea of Galilee (probably on the outskirts of Capernaum), Matthew may often have heard Jesus speak and must have known about his many miracles. The Gospel According to Matthew consequently emphasizes Christ's fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies (5:17) and his role as a new lawgiver whose divine mission was confirmed by repeated miracles. While He was on the cross, He cried out, "Eloi Eloi Lama Sabachthani," which means "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?". Perhaps they did so because Levis call narrative closely resembled the summons of the first four apostles to discipleship in Mark 1:1620 and Alpheus was already remembered as the father of one of the apostles in Mark 3:18. People had to pay taxes to the *Romans. Numerous textual indications point to an author who was a Jewish Christian writing for Christians of similar background. Assuming that the identification of Matthew with Levi is correct, Matthew (probably meaning "Yahweh's Gift") would appear to be the Christian name of Levi (called by Mark "Levi the son of Alphaeus"), who had been employed as a tax collector in the service of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. But let's hear Matthew's own account of his calling: Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. The Patristic Traditions about the Evangelist Matthew. Ein Beitrag zur Lsung eines alten Problems ZNW59 (1968): 4056; Mark Kiley, Why Matthew in Matt 9:913Biblica65.3 (1984): 34751; Michael J. Kok, Re-naming the Toll Collector in Matthew 9:9: A Review of the Options JGAR (forthcoming). As a result, those who reject the academic consensus on Markan priority are often the most open to Papiass claim. Even if this guy gets over the fact that I'm a tax collector, how could he ever be interested in me? In the Christian Bible, he was cited as one of the Jesus' apostles. Teilband 1, ed. On the other hand, after scrutinizing the onomastic data compiled by Tal Ilan. When the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? On hearing this, Jesus said,It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. Among these repetitions are: variations of Mattathias (five times), Jesus (twice), Joseph (three times), Simeon (Semein), Levi (twice), and Melchi (twice). 3.27.4; 3.39.17; 4.22.8). When Jesus said He would be there, Levi was so excited he invited lots of his friends. It is touching that Matthew, gift of Yahweh loved his new name, probably given to him by Jesus. 3.39.16). The fishermen who followed Jesus, and some became His Apostles, had to pay taxes on fishing licenses and perhaps on their daily catch. Soon, Jesus and His disciples are having dinner in . [5] On the other hand, after scrutinizing the onomastic data compiled by Tal Ilan,[6] Richard Bauckham makes it clear why these examples may be irrelevant to this case: "[I]f Matthew and Levi were the same person, we should be confronted with the virtually unparalleled phenomenon of a Palestinian Jew bearing two common Semitic personal names (Matthew: ninth most popular, 62 occurrences; Levi: seventeenth most popular, 25 occurrences). David: That's right, in the larger church. John P. Meier even entertains the option that the evangelist wanted to replace Levi with any of the apostles and Matthew was chosen at random for this aim. Levi: Luke 5:27, "And after that He went out, and noticed a tax-gatherer named Levi, sitting in the tax office, and He said to him, 'Follow Me.' ". Pet. Contrary to Epiphaniuss assertions, he may have not had access to the Gospel according to the Hebrews at all, and scholars generally label his source, which frequently harmonizes passages in the Synoptic Gospels, as the Gospel according to the Ebionites to distinguish it from the former text. Modern Persecution of Christians in China, Patriarch Jacobs Well & St. Philoumenous, Slaughter of the Theban Legion C. 286 AD, LapsiChristians Who Lapse/Abandon Their Faith, Evodias Named Followers of Christ Christians. Luke 6:12-26. A minority view during the Patristic period was that Levi and Matthew were separate individuals. Matthews Gospel has more quotations from and allusions to the Old Testament than any other New Testament author. Supported by: Alternatively, the textual variant that has James instead of Levi as the son of Alphaeus in Mark 2:14 in a handful of manuscripts was plausibly motivated by a desire for uniformity by having a single son of Alphaeus (cf. Mark 10:35) and swapped Salome for her in another (Matt 27:56; cf. In Matthew, because of the use of Q and Matthew's theological organization, there is stress on Jesus as teacher, his sharpening or radicalizing of the Law in an eschatological context; and Jesus is presented not in secret but as an openly proclaimed Messiah, King, and Judge. had his name changed from Levi to Matthew likely by Jesus Himself who changed Simons name to Peter.(Matt. Or Levi was having a lot of friends over for dinner that night and asked Jesus if He would come, too. Therefore, commentators often appeal to Matthew 9:9 and 10:3 as evidence that the Apostle Matthew was capable of composing either the Greek text of the first canonical Gospel or one of the literary sources incorporated into it. Who translated it after that in Greek is not sufficiently ascertained. The Ipuwer PapyrusWere The 10 Biblical Plagues Real? Some Patristic interpreters guessed that the evangelists Mark and Luke called Matthew by his less popular name Levi out of deference for his apostolic status, while Matthew himself had the humility to confess that he was once employed in a disreputable profession under his better-known name (e.g., John Chrysostom, When Origen of Alexandria searched for a parallel for why Saul was surnamed Paul in the preface of his. Das Papiaszeugnis zur Entstehung des Matthusevangeliums ZNW 92 (2001): 257272; Nolland, Matthew, 3; Enrico Norelli, Papia di Hierapolis: Esposizione degli Oraculi del signore: I Frammenti (Milan: Figlie di San Paolo, 2005), 32829; David H. Sim, The Gospel of Matthew, John the Elder, and the Papias Tradition: A Response to R. H. Gundry HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 63.1 (2007): 290; Monte Shanks, Papias and the New Testament (Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2013), 196; Michael J. Kok, Did Papias of Hierapolis Use the Gospel according to the Hebrews as a Source? JECS 25.1 (2017): 32; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 223; Jeannine K. Brown and Kyle Roberts, Matthew (Two Horizons; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018), 1516. 1/27/2013 09:47:39 pm. [36] Dennis MacDonald, Two Shipwrecked Gospels: The Logoi of Jesus and Papiasss Exposition of Logia about the Lord (Atlanta: SBL, 2012), 15. 29-30) 3.2-3), but failed to place them in a rhetorically effective arrangement (taxis), whereas Matthew arranged (sunetaxato) the oracles (logia) in a Hebrew style.[21] That is, they surmise that Matthew applied Jewish exegetical techniques and forms of argumentation to the material at his disposal to shape it into a cogent presentation about how Jesus fulfilled the Scriptures. Matthew belonged to a family of tax gatherers, or publicans, but was himself a customs collector in Capernaum, where he lived. One theory is that Matthew went by the name Levi, or was simply of the tribe of Levi, and was re-named by Jesus as Matthew upon his call. Richard Bauckham makes it clear why these examples may be irrelevant to this case: "[I]f Matthew and Levi were the same person, we should be confronted with the virtually unparalleled phenomenon of a Palestinian Jew bearing two common Semitic personal names (Matthew: ninth most popular, 62 occurrences; Levi: seventeenth most popular, 25 occurrences). Additionally, specialists on the Synoptic Problem generally hold that Matthews Gospel reproduced over 90 percent of Marks content, improved Marks grammar and style, and edited out Marks transliterated Aramaic terms. Logion could be translated as an oracle or divine utterance. See Barnabas Lindars, Matthew, Levi, Lebbaeus and the Value of the Western Text, https://brentnongbri.com/2018/05/21/matthew-and-levi-and-james/, Lindars, Western Text,222; cf. Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 26364. The final option is that a non-extant Jewish Gospel stands behind Papiass reference to Matthews oracles or, at least, the New Testament Gospel that bears the name Matthew was mixed up with a Jewish Gospel circulating in Papiass milieu. They contend that the conjunction. Jesus Calls Levi (Matthew). Then Levi held a great banquet for Jesus at his house, and a large crowd of tax collectors and others were eating with them. Because Levis occupation was one that earned distrust and contempt everywhere, the scribes of the Pharisees criticized Jesus on seeing him eat with tax collectors and sinners, whereupon Jesus answered, I came not to call the righteous, but sinners (Mark 2:1517). The important take-away from this detour through the Patristic testimonies was that the oldest tradition was that the evangelist Matthew published a text in Aramaic and left it to more qualified translators to translate it into the form that we have today as the Greek Gospel according to Matthew. Hence Levi was the original name of the man who was subsequently called Matthew; the Maththaios legomenos of Matthew 9:9, would indicate this. The story of Matthew's calling shows us the amazing power of God's grace and how it transforms people and become extraordinary servants of our Creator. It is beyond the scope of this paper to determine why Matthew was substituted for Levi. T/F, 5. This English translation of the Greek text is taken from Michael W. Holmes, editor, Matthew Black, The Use of Rhetorical Terminology in Papias on Matthew and Mark. The tax collector had already counted the cost.Sandra Sweeny Silver, Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. Saint Matthew's decision lives on into eternity and benefited not millions . , TSAJ 91 (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002). But Pilate replied, I imagine, "What happens in Jerusalem, stays in . 12.13; Is. Magi, or "wise men," were royal counselors. [4] See Manlio Simonetti, Matthew 113, ACCS New Testament 1a (Downers Grove: IVP, 2001), 177; Ulrich Luz, Matthew 820, trans. in Mt. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. Updates? (1) Repetition of names in the list after David, some of which appear to be anachronisms, possibly suggesting that this list had its own history. It is beyond the scope of this paper to determine why Matthew was substituted for Levi. Gundry, Matthew, xxii. C hristmas Day may be Dec. 25, but it's not the end of Christmas story. [27] The most natural reading is that a language was meant by the combination of the noun dialektos, especially when modified with the name of an ethnic group (cf. [39] James R. Edwards has revived the older position that Matthew was the author of the Gospel according to the Hebrews and postulates that our Greek Gospel according to Matthew was named in honor of an apostolic figurehead who preserved the Jewish Jesus traditions. Jonah was in the belly of the whale 4 days. Rudolf Pesch, LeviMatthus (Me 2.14/Mt 9.9; 10.3). The debate over the authorship of Matthews Gospel usually focuses on the replacement of Levi, the son of Alphaeus, with Matthew (Matt 9:9; contra Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27) and the addition of the descriptor the toll collector after Matthews name (Matt 10:3; contra Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). This is a painting of the Calling of Saint Matthew in San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome. Omissions? At the same time, opposition against Jesus was growing stronger, especially from the religious . Matthew 9:9-13 begins with Jesus calling Matthew, a tax collector, to follow Him as His disciple. [17] W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison (A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on The Gospel According to Saint Matthew. 1. F. C. Burkitt, Levi Son of Alphaeus. Many commentators compare Matthews two names with other first-century Jews who had a Greek or Latin cognomen. [24] Krzinger, Papias, 1516; Gundry, Matthew, 619; idem, Pre-Papian Tradition, 6162, 67.