Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. 0000005149 00000 n How does the Mad Scientist. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? (Source: USGS). earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University 4. epicenter of an earthquake, how 0000033429 00000 n Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc 0000008845 00000 n (Figure 3):. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 1. What did it feel like? In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 0000078169 00000 n Finding the Epicenter. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 0000001408 00000 n 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Details. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Three seismographs are needed. Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. 0000030968 00000 n 0000004060 00000 n earthquakes. 0000031066 00000 n Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). 0000005081 00000 n Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. time for any point that is 3,000 miles Copyright 2023. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. m>r/Q[6 In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. (Figure 3):. 0000001562 00000 n ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream Figure 8. Use this information to complete the following. At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. 0000004511 00000 n A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Add to Library. The seismometers are shown as green dots. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. What is an earthquake? Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. 0000001533 00000 n Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. 0000004224 00000 n One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. 5 4. 0000000956 00000 n Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. d>(ZvO= Thanks for your feedback! Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare 0000000856 00000 n What is the by. lag time. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. 0000000016 00000 n Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Subjects: Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Many updates and improvements! Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. minutes? determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. Do you agree with this alignment? The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. Figure 2. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. %PDF-1.3 % 6. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Focus. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. 01. By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. [N'. 0000001143 00000 n longer or shorter). 0000007783 00000 n 0000003966 00000 n Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. Last modified July 18, 2012. The time The vertical lines, spaced one In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. (Grades 6 - 8). 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Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . PDF. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? All rights reserved. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. earthquake. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. For example, This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. 0000006011 00000 n Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. The travel-time graph important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. What are those limits? [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Do you agree with this alignment? trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Thanks for your feedback! Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 0000002507 00000 n earthquake though). The farther a station is from the How might they use this information? 0000008088 00000 n Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? $8.25. 107 0 obj <>stream Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. inch = 500 km. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. 0000002840 00000 n For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. 1. 0000003254 00000 n Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Expert Answer. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 0000002094 00000 n 0000002544 00000 n CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. (from left to right). 3. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. 0000001978 00000 n from the epicenter will be 14 8.